WikipediaCAS 7440-62-2
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| Vanadium | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | / v ə ˈ n eɪ d i ə m / ⓘ ( və- NAY -dee-əm ) |
| Appearance | blue-silver-grey metal |
| Standard atomic weight A r°(V) | |
| [ 1 ] | 50.9415 ± 0.0001 · 50.942 ± 0.001 ( abridged ) |
| Vanadium in the periodic table | |
| Hydrogen | Helium |
| Lithium | Beryllium |
| Sodium | Magnesium |
| Potassium | Calcium |
| Rubidium | Strontium |
| Caesium | Barium |
| Francium | Radium |
| Atomic number ( Z ) | 23 |
| Group | group 5 |
| Period | period 4 |
| Block | d-block |
| Electron configuration | [ Ar ] 3d3 4s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
| Physical properties | |
| Phase at STP | solid |
| Melting point | 2183 K (1910 °C, 3470 °F) |
| Boiling point | 3680 K (3407 °C, 6165 °F) |
| Density (at 20° C) | 6.099 g/cm3 |
| when liquid (at m.p. ) | 5.5 g/cm3 |
| Heat of fusion | 21.5 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 444 kJ/mol |
| Molar heat capacity | 24.89 J/(mol · K) |
| Specific heat capacity | 488.595 J/(kg · K) |
| 2101 | 2289 |
| Atomic properties | |
| Oxidation states | common: +5 / −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.63 |
| Ionization energies | 1st: 650.9 kJ/mol · 2nd: 1414 kJ/mol · 3rd: 2830 kJ/mol · ( more ) |
| Atomic radius | empirical: 134 pm |
| Covalent radius | 153±8 pm |
| Other properties | |
| Natural occurrence | primordial |
| Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) ( cI2 ) |
| Thermal expansion | 8.77 × 10−6 /K (at 20 °C) |
| Thermal conductivity | 30.7 W/(m⋅K) |
| Electrical resistivity | 197 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | +255.0 × 10−6 cm3/mol (298 K) |
| Young's modulus | 128 GPa |
| Shear modulus | 47 GPa |
| Bulk modulus | 160 GPa |
| Speed of sound thin rod | 4560 m/s (at 20 °C) |
Wikipedia
Chemical element with atomic number 23 (V)
Vanadium is a chemical element; it has symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) somewhat stabilizes the free metal against further oxidation.