WikipediaCAS 76-57-3
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | / ˈ k oʊ d iː n / KOH-deen |
| Other names | 3-Methylmorphine |
| AHFS / Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682065 |
| License data | US DailyMed : Codeine |
| Pregnancy / category | AU : A |
| Dependence / liability | High |
| Addiction / liability | High |
| Routes of / administration | By mouth , rectal , subcutaneous , intramuscular |
| Drug class | Opioid ; · Antitussive |
| ATC code | R05DA04 ( WHO ) Combinations: N02AA59 ( WHO ), N02AA79 ( WHO ), N02AJ08 ( WHO ), N02AJ06 ( WHO ), N02AJ07 ( WHO ) |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | AU : S8 (Controlled drug) / S4 (Prescription only) · BR : Class A2 (Narcotic drugs) / Class C1 · CA : Schedule I · DE : Anlage III (Special prescription form required) · NZ : Class C2 · UK : Class B / Pharmacy medicine · US : Schedule II / Schedule III–V · UN : Narcotic Schedule II / Narcotic Schedule III · SE: Förteckning III |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | c. 60% (by mouth) |
| Metabolism | Liver : CYP2D6 (to morphine ), CYP3A4 (to norcodeine ), UGT2B7 (to 3- and 6- glucuronides of codeine, norcodeine, and morphine) |
| Metabolites | Morphine · Norcodeine · Others (e.g., conjugates ) |
| Onset of action | 15–30 minutes |
| Elimination half-life | 2.5–3 hours |
| Duration of action | 4–6 hours |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name | (5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-ol |
| CAS Number | 76-57-3 |
| PubChem CID | 5284371 |
| IUPHAR/BPS | 1673 |
| DrugBank | DB00318 |
| ChemSpider | 4447447 |
| UNII | UX6OWY2V7J |
| KEGG | C06174 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16714 |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL485 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C 18 H 21 N O 3 |
| Molar mass | 299.370 g · mol−1 |
| 3D model ( JSmol ) | |
| SMILES | CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C18H21NO3/c1-19-8-7-18-11-4-5-13(20)17(18)22-16-14(21-2)6-3-10(15(16)18)9-12(11)19/h3-6,11-13,17,20H,7-9H2,1-2H3/t11-,12+,13-,17-,18-/m0/s1 · Key:OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N |
Wikipedia
Opiate and prodrug of morphine used to treat pain
Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea. It is commonly used as a recreational drug. It is found naturally in the sap of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) as codeine/paracetamol or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children. In Europe, it is not recommended as a cough medicine for those under 12 years of age. It is generally taken orally. It usually starts working after half an hour, with maximum effect at two hours. Its effects last for about four to six hours. Codeine exhibits abuse potential similar to other opioid medications, including a risk of addiction and overdose.